Dr. Howard Bath
Contribution: What we didn't know then: Contemporary neuroscience and what really matters for children in care

Dr Howard Bath has had a long career working with children and young people in the child welfare, youth justice and mental health systems in roles such as youth worker, house parent, program manager, agency director, and clinician. From 2008 to 2015 he was the inaugural Children's Commissioner in Australia's Northern Territory with a mission to ensure the wellbeing of vulnerable children receiving care, treatment, education and youth justice services.

Trained as a clinical psychologist, Howard has also provided direct clinical services for young people and their families as well as training and program support for agencies and schools across Australia and internationally. He has authored papers and reports on child protection, out of home care, family preservation and developmental trauma and is the lead author together with John Seita (Michigan, USA) of the book: The Three Pillars of Transforming Care: Trauma and resilience in the ‘other 23 hours', written for care workers, teachers, kinship carers and others who interact daily with children exposed to developmental trauma.

From the perspective of 45 years working with children and young people in care, Dr. Bath looks back at the received wisdom in the field and how this has significantly changed in the light of theory, research and contemporary neuroscience. Some older ideas (such as the importance of active listening) have withstood the test of time, while others (such as the reliance on behavioral strategies) have either been discarded or significantly modified. In this Masterclass, Howard Bath will address:

• The importance of ‘feeling safe', a notion that has been around since Maslow's early work but one that had not penetrated into many areas of human service until the ‘discovery' of developmental trauma – the notion of safety is strangely absent from most of the earlier Child and Youth Care texts but is now universally accepted. With reference to the work of Stephen Porges and others we will look at the paramount need of our young people to feel safe, what this really means, and the roles we as carers play.
• The older focus on the external management and manipulation of problematic behaviors which has given way to a richer understanding of the emotional drivers of many behaviors. This includes the concept of ‘pain-based behaviors' and ‘pain-based responses' (Anglin, 2022). It also involves a different perspective on the ways our young people learn to self-manage and self-regulate. Moving beyond our older behavioural and cognitive techniques, we now know that true change will only come about through the ways that our young people experience us over time, and how we learn to ‘co-regulate' with them rather than rely on ‘coercive-regulation'.
• The importance of connection with our young people. We have known this for a long time and the earlier texts certainly stressed that good relationships were important in our work. However, these relationships were often framed as being instrumental, that is, good for achieving our casework goals. They were not seen as a goal or outcome, in and of themselves. The emergence of the trauma perspective (another notion that was absent from the earlier texts) highlights the fact that ‘disconnection' is the central outcome of developmental trauma and that our young people yearn for trustworthy, reliable connections. Who we are for them is so much more important that what we do for them.

Dr. Guido van de Luitgaarden
Contribution: Moderator - host

Dr. Guido van de Luitgaarden began his career as a social worker. He worked in social welfare and special education. After obtaining his Master's degree, he worked at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences as a senior lecturer and researcher. He was involved in educational development, policy and management teaching, and conducted research. In 2011, Guido obtained his doctorate from the University of Salford (UK) with a thesis on professional judgement and decision-making in child protection work. He also led a Master's program accredited by London Metropolitan University, where he taught the "Education and Supervision of Social Professionals" module. He gave lectures and guest lectures at universities in Izmit, Madrid, Riga, and Oxford.

He has previously conducted research for large welfare organizations and for a management development program within the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice.

Guido is one of the managing directors of ECB-Education